https://wiki.mistarg.cn/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%BD%A2%E4%B8%8E%E5%A3%B0%E9%81%93 波形与声道 - 版本历史 2026-10-16T23:55:16Z 本wiki上该页面的版本历史 MediaWiki 1.46.2 https://wiki.mistarg.cn/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%BD%A2%E4%B8%8E%E5%A3%B0%E9%81%93&diff=2346&oldid=prev 迷雾样式迁移：​重写科普正文：定义、结构、原理与资料表 2026-10-14T10:14:44Z <p>重写科普正文：定义、结构、原理与资料表</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw-interface=""> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="zh-Hans-CN"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">←上一版本</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">2026年10月14日 (三) 10:14的版本</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">第1行：</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第1行：</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">声音的数字波形是一串按时间采样的数值。横轴是时间，纵轴表示采样值；采样值接近零只说明该时刻的信号幅度小，不足以判断整段录音“没有内容”。左右声道则是两路各自保存的信号，双声道文件未必包含空间定位信息。&lt;ref name="mdn"&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/Web_Audio_API/Basic_concepts_behind_Web_Audio_API MDN《Web Audio API 背后的基础概念》，中文]&lt;/ref&gt;</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">音频波形表示声音信号的振幅随时间变化。数字音频以固定或规定的采样频率记录一系列离散采样值；采样率为每秒记录的样本数，不能与声音的音高频率混同。</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">看波形时分清什么 </del>==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">波形的基本量 </ins>==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>! <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">特征 </del>!! <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">含义与限制</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>! <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">量 </ins>!! <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">含义</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">! 峰值</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">时间 || 每个采样点在音频中的位置。</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">样本达到的最大幅度；峰值相同的两段声音，听起来仍可能一样响或不一样响。</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">! 静音区</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">幅度 || 采样值所表示的瞬时信号大小。</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">波形接近基线；需放大并听取，不能只凭缩略图排除低电平声音。</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">! 脉冲</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">峰值 || 一段信号中达到的最大幅度。</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">短时间突变；可能来自敲击、剪辑点或噪声。</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">! 左右声道</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">声道 || 同一时间轴上独立保存的信号序列。</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">可单独聆听、比较或计算两路差异；将双声道直接合并可能抵消反相成分。</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">例如左声道有三次敲击、右声道有两次，单看混合波形会掩盖两路各自的顺序。记录采样率、声道数和时间位置，才便于别人复核。&lt;ref name="mdn" /&gt;</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">立体声音频通常有左、右两个声道。两个声道可以包含不同信息，也可以是高度相似的两份信号。它们按规定权重混合时，反相分量可能相互抵消。波形上的短促峰值对应信号突变，但峰值本身不说明声源是敲击、剪辑还是噪声。</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== 参考资料 ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== 参考资料 ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;references </del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&gt;</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [https:</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/Web_Audio_API/Basic_concepts_behind_Web_Audio_API MDN《Web Audio API 背后的基础概念》，中文]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[工具和科普/声音与视频|返回声音与视频]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[工具和科普/声音与视频|返回声音与视频]]</div></td></tr> </table> 迷雾样式迁移 https://wiki.mistarg.cn/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%BD%A2%E4%B8%8E%E5%A3%B0%E9%81%93&diff=2285&oldid=prev 迷雾样式迁移：​重排科普目录与分类页面；保留工具索引和学习资源 2026-10-14T09:36:51Z <p>重排科普目录与分类页面；保留工具索引和学习资源</p> <p><b>新页面</b></p><div>声音的数字波形是一串按时间采样的数值。横轴是时间，纵轴表示采样值；采样值接近零只说明该时刻的信号幅度小，不足以判断整段录音“没有内容”。左右声道则是两路各自保存的信号，双声道文件未必包含空间定位信息。&lt;ref name=&quot;mdn&quot;&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/Web_Audio_API/Basic_concepts_behind_Web_Audio_API MDN《Web Audio API 背后的基础概念》，中文]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == 看波形时分清什么 ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! 特征 !! 含义与限制<br /> |-<br /> ! 峰值<br /> | 样本达到的最大幅度；峰值相同的两段声音，听起来仍可能一样响或不一样响。<br /> |-<br /> ! 静音区<br /> | 波形接近基线；需放大并听取，不能只凭缩略图排除低电平声音。<br /> |-<br /> ! 脉冲<br /> | 短时间突变；可能来自敲击、剪辑点或噪声。<br /> |-<br /> ! 左右声道<br /> | 可单独聆听、比较或计算两路差异；将双声道直接合并可能抵消反相成分。<br /> |}<br /> 例如左声道有三次敲击、右声道有两次，单看混合波形会掩盖两路各自的顺序。记录采样率、声道数和时间位置，才便于别人复核。&lt;ref name=&quot;mdn&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == 参考资料 ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> [[工具和科普/声音与视频|返回声音与视频]]</div> 迷雾样式迁移